Close to 1 has no smoothing effect and gives higher weight to recent changes and as a result the estimate may fluctuate dramatically.
Thirdly, deeper comparisons may have greater resolving power if they overcome confounding effects of unknown variables, which may fluctuate over evolutionary time.
Effects of SPM critically depend on the particle size and the concentration and may fluctuate with daily fluctuations in the PM10 or PM2.5 levels.
The latter variable controls for period effects, such as environmental conditions that may fluctuate from year to year.
When using EPOC as an instrument for evaluation, it should be noted that the expected effects of improving non-technical skills may fluctuate depending on the setting, previous training, motivation and so on.
The relative magnitude of each layer may fluctuate depending on the effects of the positive or negative influences of the innovation, context, process, and leadership factors at different phases in time throughout the lifecycle of the innovation.
The observed effect size early on in a trial may fluctuate too much and so be unreliable, especially if there is treatment imbalance (Herson et al, 2011), and regardless of the method or assumptions used.
Because base deficit accounts for the buffering effects of hemoglobin and CO2, both of which may fluctuate significantly in long complex operative procedures, base deficit is used by anesthesiologists as a surrogate marker for metabolic acidosis.
As a result, patients' motivation to participate may fluctuate.
Around this mean, dipteran population R0 may fluctuate seasonally and annually over a much wider range due to the rapid effects of rainfall and temperature on reproduction and mortality rates.
