We conducted similar analysis to explore the cis and trans effects in the divergence of TE.
Moreover, while traveling similar distances, NAB mice also clearly differed from LAB mice in anxiety-related parameters, further supporting the critical role of anxiety (rather than locomotor effects) in the behavioral divergence among HAB, NAB and LAB animals as observed in the OA exposure test.
Because the Bayesian model takes into account site-specific effects in modelling population divergence (by calculating population-specific FST), it did not detect this locus as differing more than expected given the overall divergence of this isolated south-western region (Landes) compared to the rest of the European weevil distribution.
While the degree of sequence divergence between the intervals appears to be small, it still may be sufficient to account for the variation in fold reduction in crossing over, as large effects due to small changes in divergence have been noted before [60].
Trans effects appeared to play a larger role than cis effects in parental gene expression divergence in both groups of hybrids (fig. 4 C).
The Tukey Kramer analysis clarifies this effect by showing a significant decrease in divergence angle with distance in the vertical+dark treatment, as noted by many authors (Wilson 1962; von Frisch 1967; Edrich 1975; Gould 1975; Towne 1985; Towne and Gould 1988; Weidenmuller and Seeley 1999), but no such pattern in the horizontal+skylight or vertical+skylight treatments (Fig. 4).
We present the results of genetic differentiation, and explore drift and selection effects in promoting acoustic and morphological divergence among populations of Campylopterus curvipennis, a lekking hummingbird with an extraordinary vocal variability across Mesoamerica.
It is known that these LRTs suffer from a lack of power to detect significant effects when divergence between sequences in the data set is low [ 15].
LTR and SINE elements appear to have the strongest effects on expression divergence in rodents in our analysis.
If so, then further study using a suite of nuclear markers could reveal a correlation of phylogeny with call distance; a pattern consistent with classical views that see MRS evolution as a largely pleiotropic effect of divergence in other aspects of the organism [ 5].
