Current low-carbon city initiatives were evaluated using the DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses) causal-effect framework for investigating interactions between environmental issues and human activities.
Although the majority of these findings have been in human computer interaction tasks, this model may also be an effective framework for understanding the effects of interruptions in visual search tasks.
In particular in view of the often stated need to fill knowledge gaps on the link between environment and health and the "ultimate goal to develop an environment and health 'cause-effect framework'" for policy [ 12], attention to the specific modes of knowledge production is important.
At low momentum transfer, where the nucleons can be treated as point-like objects and are the essential degrees of freedom, the usual effective potential Schrodinger theory is appropriate, and meson exchange effects provide the framework for the nuclear interaction.
This study applies the term 'context effect' as a framework for elucidating how treatment effect is potentially caused by a complexity of factors in addition to the actual treatment effect.
What's remarkable is that his performances reflect his ideas — and that his ideas are, in effect, the intellectual framework for the emotional immediacy of his musicianship.
We demonstrate how the interaction of decommodification and social stratification in each welfare regime influences these countries' experiences with P4P for GPs, directly for funders' commitment, program design and physicians' acceptance, and indirectly for program effects, hence providing a framework for analyzing P4P in other contexts or care settings.
Understanding biological and evolutionary significance at a systems level is a primary challenge for current biology, and our work demonstrates that studying genome-wide fitness effects creates a powerful framework for analyzing systems level patterns.
The integration and use of the data we present here have and will continue to aid the organization of these multiple effects into a central framework for interrogating toxin activity.
SanCristobal-Gaudy et al. (2001) presented further extensions to incorporate random effects, including correlated genetic effects, followed by a unifying framework for the structural modeling of heterogeneous variances proposed by Kizilkaya and Tempelman (2005).
