The addition of rough crack face geometry effects causes the amount of crack closure to oscillate above and below an average value influenced primarily by the asperity angle.
As an example, Ichihara and Brodsky (2006) revealed that rectified diffusion, one of the popular physical mechanisms of elastodynamic effects, causes pressure changes of at most 2 × 10− 9 of initial values for seismic waves with typical amplitudes.
The variation of PWV cycle in winter is quite similar at all places in spite of their geographical locations, but in summer, the strong local effects causes the diurnal cycle quite different among the stations.
The combination of the allosteric and phosphorylation effects causes a greater than 1000-fold increase in kinase activity (compared with less than 5-fold for allosteric activation alone).
In addition, variance in mutational effects causes the Bateman Mukai approach to underestimate the genome-wide mutation rate and overestimate the average effect of mutations, because it assumes equal effects (Lynch et al. 1999).
The interplay of these two effects causes the observed change in isotherm shape (Fig. 3a) and a weak increase in Γ(c*) with salt concentration in the region below pH 7, as shown in Fig. 8.
