Thus, the sharp regression discontinuity design identifies the average causal effect at the threshold: Often, treatments are not assigned deterministically but probabilistically (ie, a "fuzzy" discontinuity).
There were no significant effects at the high threshold (p<0.005, k>100, Z>3.9) in the correlation analyses with ratings of tendency to movement imagination, number of learning trials, and familiarity differences between the two classes of melodies.
In both sharp regression discontinuity and fuzzy regression discontinuity designs, causal treatment effects are identified at the threshold.
The theoretical investigations show that pseudoperiodicity of the device structure gives rise to two effects: firstly the threshold energy at which the transmission of current starts is shifted towards higher energy sides and secondly transmission spectra of current possess pseudobands and pseudogaps.
In the young, drug × Pr effects were not reliable at the threshold set, although there were negative linear trends (see Table 2).
Under our conditions, however, docetaxel had no or only little effect on gene expression at the threshold value of two-fold variation, further indicating that docetaxel-induced apoptosis mostly resulted from its direct activity onto the mitotic spindle.
While a number of studies have demonstrated developmental neurotoxicity associated with CPF exposure, including effects at or below the threshold levels for AChE inhibition, it is unclear whether these effects were due directly to CPF or to its active metabolite, CPO.
Systematic attempts to titrate doses down into the range at the "threshold" between effect and no-effect are missing.
Here, we expanded our findings to include another organophosphate (parathion), an organochlorine (dieldrin), and a metal (Ni2+); compared effects at a threshold concentration of 5 μM, as well as at 30 μM; determined the persistence over a course of nearly 1 week of exposure; and evaluated the downstream consequences for cell acquisition and growth.
