All females used were reared under low nutritional stress (> 2 g puréed corn per 13 eggs [ 22]) in order to reduce variation in body size and so remove any confounding effects associated with variation in female size.
It is possible that the PAH DNA adduct biomarker effect estimates already reflect any effects associated with metabolic variation; however, if this were true, then any apparent interaction between PAHs and GSTs should have been evident when examining the joint effects with smoking.
Although dispersion models overcome the limitation of central-site measurements that do not allow for the consideration of the spatial variation of pollutant levels, they have seldom been used in epidemiologic investigations and, as far as we know, have not previously been used to assess effects associated with short-term variations in exposure.
Longer reference periods are generally believed to reduce the time-related effects associated with atypical drinking episodes and variations in alcohol consumption patterns affected by cultural or seasonal aspects, and thus obtain more representative average values of long-term and stable patterns of alcohol use.
Health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) show seasonal variations.
Two-way ANOVA found significant effects associated with SHS (20.42% of total variation, P < 0.05) and AAP (52.77% of total variation, P < 0.05), with no significant interaction between exposure effects (0.02% of total variation, P = 0.80).
Since the beginning of the shale evolution in the United States, our team at Duke University has investigated the chemistry and isotopes variations of flowback and produced waters and different environmental effects associated with unconventional energy development and hydraulic fracturing.
As the understanding of the variations in response in people of color to the laser grows, these side effects associated with laser hair reduction can be reduced.
To mitigate the adverse impact of fracture surface variations on the interfracture flow variations, flow control methods can modify the flow split and reduce the negative effects associated with flow split disparity.
The extreme variation in basal area and biomass is partly the result of edge effects associated with the very small plot size.
