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The above calculations of the Bulmer effect will be approximations when marker effects are updated each generation (known as "retraining").
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In the EVERY-GEN scheme, marker effects were updated every generation, but still one might expect that the Bulmer effect, which reduces the genetic variance, would also reduce the accuracy of selection, because the signal to noise ratio is reduced.
Presence of a maternally inherited sex ratio variation and an estimate of its variance (σ m 2 ) over multiple generations was obtained by means of an animal model [ 35] in which maternal effects were updated using Gibbs sampling.
Cumulative meta-analysis of prognostic test accuracy: In a cumulative meta-analysis (Rothstein et al, 2005), the pooled estimate of the treatment effect is updated each time the results of a new study are published.
The markings for gene tokens, drug tokens and effect tokens are updated with blasting.
At each sampling instance, the probabilities that the process operates under the effect of an assignable cause are updated using Bayes' theorem.
Rankings are updated weekly.
Once location parameters are updated, residuals are updated by subtracting from the offset the contribution to the conditional expectation of the effect just updated (e.g., after drawing the jth marker effect, the updated residuals are ε i = y ≈ i − x i j β j ).
Networks are updated regularly.
Data are updated weekly.
Information on potential confounders and effect modifiers is updated every 2 years in the NHS, so we assigned each woman updated covariate values for each individual questionnaire cycle where appropriate.
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