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Which effects are confounded depends on the defining relation of the fractional study.
These size effects are confounded by additional shape variations, which have different charges, defects, and surface areas compared to uniform samples, resulting in unpredictable behaviors in vivo [40].
It should be noted that the lime treatment effects are confounded as their performance could have been influenced by residual effects associated with the previous cultivation treatment.
However, age cannot solely be made as a criterion for the discrimination of drivers as its effects are confounded by neurological diseases.
This chapter provides details for constructing fractional factorial experiments and highlighting the problems associated with highly fractionated factorial experiments wherein main effects are confounded or aliased with two-order interactions.
Thus, it is not possible to conclude if the observed differences of temperature in rooms 1 3 are caused by the roof change or are due to the different outside temperatures of each year, which implies that both effects are confounded.
Similar(39)
The majority of TIMSS countries randomly sampled only one intact classroom in each school, resulting in classroom effects being confounded with school effects.
Although the different questionnaire lengths and the way items were embedded might have contributed to these differences, it is more plausible that the questionnaire effects were confounded by different drug doses.
Diet effects were confounded with breed.
The experimental design was an alpha design where replication and location effects were confounded.
The year and location effects were confounded in the analysis of variance and the GxE effect was not testable.
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