Foxd1 deletion also perturbs the expression of topographic mapping effectors such as EphA6/ephrinA5.
Conversely, the activation of coagulation by platelets generates a number of inflammatory effectors, such as thrombin.
Most importantly, neutrophil proteases impaired IL-22-dependent immune signalling and expression of antimicrobial effectors such as β-defensin-2.
In the sensory module, various molecular signals are transduced into RNAi-compatible effectors such as small interfering RNA, or microRNA.
Many drugs targeting the ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases and their downstream effectors such as Ras, Raf and MEK are currently being tested in clinical trials [4 7].
Here, opening of the cytosolic side of the 7-TM domain facilitates interactions with downstream effectors such as G-proteins (Rasmussen et al. 2011).
It has been proposed that extracellular effectors such as cytokines, matrix components, and adjacent cells may provide a sanctuary for cancer cells by preventing stress-induced cell death.
However, most vectors currently utilized rely on ubiquitous delivery mechanisms that ineffectively target important immune effectors such as antigen presenting cells (APCs).
The signaling of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) is dictated by the complementary responsiveness of interacting intracellular effectors such as G proteins.
CD4+ helper T (Th) lymphocytes orchestrate the immune response and include several types of effectors such as Th1, Th17 and Th2 cells.
Among them, compound 3 inhibited PDK1 kinase and downstream effectors such as CHK1, GS3Kα and GS3Kβ, which contribute to GCS survival.
