For a time course i, eq. 6 includes the perturbation term <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012807.e007.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/>, where pi is an additional perturbation effector with corresponding rules <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012807.e008.PNG" class="inline-graphic"/>.
Effector fatigue can be ruled out by showing that direct stimulation of the motor neurons controlling the withdrawal response can still elicit a perfectly normal reaction even after the response has completely habituated.
As an overarching rule, activated effector T cells are anabolic, employing primarily glucose as their carbon source and utilizing glycolysis for fast access to adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The oncogenic effect of APC mutations has been largely attributed to the role of APC protein as a negative regulator in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; however, the contribution of other downstream effectors cannot be ruled out.
Although ineffective immune pathway activation or insufficient levels of immune effectors cannot be ruled out, the reduced expression levels of B- and T-cell genes in the spleen of infected animals compared with controls suggest immunosuppression by the pathogen itself, reinforcing recent findings of in vitro studies.
This latter observation, usually referred to as an instance of dishabituation, seems to rule out any simple sensory adaptation; both observations rule out simple effector fatigue.
Similar to the visual population, all head- and space-centered models, as well as dH, and effector position models were significantly ruled out (P < 0.0001, Brown Forsythe test).
However, this does not rule out that other effector mechanisms may also contribute to protection against B. parapertussis.
We implemented moves on individual networks that add or remove effects (i.e. effect arcs), switch the effect combination logic op ∈ {AND, OR, MEAN} and increase or decrease the effector strength via selecting the corresponding rule tables r ∈.
