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Therefore, the role of active Rac1 GTPase and its downstream effector needs to be studied by using surgically resected samples of human tumors to better assess their contribution to human cancer.
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The observed phosphorylation of the TKRs and downstream effectors needs to be further validated in cpAC cell lines that are known to express these receptors.
Further, both pERK and pAKT levels are decreased only when both BRAF and CRAF are knocked down together (Figure 4A), suggesting that signaling from both the RAF and PI3K effectors need to be inhibited for efficacy.
However, to fully understand plant pathogen interactions, large sets of identified effectors need to be screened.
These effectors need confirmation, as we ignore their functions at this moment.
As in other biotrophic PPN, effectors need to be produced that induce and maintain the feeding site.
The functionality of effector xopAS needs to be confirmed by in planta reporter gene assay.
As a first step towards elucidating the molecular bases for colonization by S. sclerotiorum, its repertoire of effector candidates needs to be determined.
To handle these higher temperatures, the MOST delta RepRaps can be upgraded with an all-metal hot end, and the end effector would need to be redesigned in order to print with materials such as nylon.
The percentage of cytotoxicity was calculated as follows: <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009874.e001.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> LU 30/106cells were calculated using the inverse of the number of effector cells needed to lyse 30% of tumor target cells X100.
The percentage specific cytotoxicity was calculated as follows: <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0011590.e001.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> LU 30/106 is calculated by using the inverse of the number of effector cells needed to lyse 30% of target cells ×100.
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