Generational Distance (adopted measure for effectiveness) is, on average, 7% lower with the search-based approach (2.40) when compared to the style-based approach (2.59).
In fact, a recent study by Avi Goldfarb and Catherine Tucker found that "after the [European Union's] Privacy Directive was passed [in 2002], advertising effectiveness decreased on average by around 65% in Europe relative to the rest of the world".
Under base case assumptions, surgery is cost effective on average with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £2648 per quality adjusted life year.
This method has low sensitivity when sampling is limited and is unlikely to fully reflect the treatment outcome [ 17] since calculation of treatment effectiveness is based on average abundance for only one stage group (PAAM or all mobiles).
When the cost effectiveness outcomes were analysed by parity, planned birth at home in nulliparous low risk women was associated with significant cost savings and a significant increase in adverse perinatal outcomes; bootstrapped incremental cost effectiveness ratios largely fell in the south west quadrant of the cost effectiveness plane (representing, on average, reduced costs and worse outcomes).
We also demonstrated that using more program constructs, which is a strategy that differs from previous studies (Saha et al. 2013; Wang and Lo 2014), increased bug localization effectiveness by 18% on average.
Moreover, it is found that the optimization design of charting parameters can increase the detection effectiveness by 29% on average, and the adaptive features can further enhance the detection power by 35%.
For example, excluding a report identified uniquely in Embase, compared to its inclusion, can statistically exaggerate the estimates of an intervention's effectiveness by 6%, on average [ 13].
Exclusion of grey literature in meta-analyses has been found to exaggerate estimates of intervention effectiveness by 12% on average[ 4].
Schulz and colleagues reviewed 250 reports of RCTs and found that those with inadequate allocation concealment, compared to reports in which this information was adequately reported, exaggerated the estimates of an intervention's effectiveness by 30%, on average.
