Sentence examples for effectiveness of selection and from inspiring English sources

The gene-length effects may result from background selection and/or Hill-Robertson effects, each of which interfere with the effectiveness of selection and has a greater effect for longer genes (Comeron et al. 1999; Comeron and Guthrie 2005; Loewe and Charlesworth 2007) that is such processes may interfere with the fixation of optimal codons in longer genes.

Indeed, linkage between selected loci can reduce the overall effectiveness of selection and the rate of adaptation [23].

The effective population size is a strong determinant of the effectiveness of selection and drift [ 25, 26].

In small fragmented populations, the effectiveness of selection can be reduced and, because rare species often have a narrow ecological niche, their populations may be exposed to homogeneous selective forces that result in low population differentiation in quantitative traits (Petit et al., 2001; Ye et al., 2013).

It therefore seems that there is a correlation between the effectiveness of selection on non-synonymous mutations and effective population size, even if we control for phylogenetic non-independence.

The performance decay is presumably due to interference between selected sites, known as the Hill Robertson effect, i.e. linkage between sites under selection will reduce the overall effectiveness of selection in finite populations (Hill and Robertson, 1966).

Small effective population sizes reduce the effectiveness of selection, allowing altered rates of fixation of deleterious TEs (Charlesworth B and Charlesworth D 1983; Lynch and Conery 2003).

Selfing improves the effectiveness of selection by increasing the additive (heritable) variance and decreasing the dominance variance (Wricke and Weber 1986), and selection schemes have been developed to achieve maximum genetic benefit during the selfing phase in autogamous crops (Cornish 1990a, b).

The experimental results indicate that although class imbalance reduces the performance of the derived classifier and the effectiveness of selection at improving overall classifier performance, case selection can still be beneficial, regardless of the level of class imbalance.

This is expected to lead to a reduction in genetic variation [ 11], which subsequently reduces the effectiveness of selection against deleterious mutations [ 12] and the rate of adaptive evolution [ 13, 14].

Hence, Ne influences the rate of change in the genetic composition of a population due to drift and the effectiveness of selection relative to drift (Charlesworth 2009; Olson-Manning et al. 2012).