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Brackney and colleagues' [ 45] account of how a tandem requirement reduces bout initiation rate implies that the effectiveness of reinforcement declines with the temporal distance between the reinforced response (bout initiation) and the reinforcing event (food) [ 66, 67].
Rescorla, R. A. & Wagner, A. R. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement.
Rescorla, R.A. & Wagner, A.R. A theory of pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. in Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory (eds. Black, A.H. & Prokasy, W.F.) (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1972).
Finally, the effectiveness of reinforcement by inserting sub-merged co-curing layer is evaluated by both numerical modeling and experimental testing.
In the 40 MPa concrete the effectiveness of reinforcement of PP fibres depended on their Young's modulus and tensile strength in the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) test.
However, no preclinical large-animal model of the Ross procedure is available, which is needed to enable full comprehension of the pathologic mechanisms and the effectiveness of reinforcement techniques during growth.
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The effectiveness of reinforcements realized with rebars featuring either smooth or rough surface profiles is studied through three-point bending tests and post-test microscopy analysis.
Closer spacing of transverse reinforcement raises uniformity of lateral pressure and improves effectiveness of confinement reinforcement, having optimistic effects on the ductility of HSC columns.
Each reinforcement method was tested with three wallettes and the effectiveness of each reinforcement method was observed in terms of both loading capability and ductility (especially the GFRP mesh reinforcement with mortar coating) because of the low resistance of the un-reinforced specimens.
The effectiveness of the reinforcement and the failure behaviour of fibre reinforced masonry structures are strongly influenced by the properties of the substrate where the reinforcement is applied.
An open issue in such circumstances is the definition of the effective joint area mobilized in shear transfer, and the effectiveness of joint reinforcement placed outside the joint panel in the adjacent members.
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