Although the majority of ITN evaluations estimate their individual protective effects only, they are consistently efficacious in a variety of settings across Africa [ 1] and achieve cost-effectiveness equivalent to childhood vaccination [ 12].
Finally, the effectiveness of equivalent linear system for the benchmark building with nonlinear TLCDs is investigated.
Some believed that a lack of evidence proving effectiveness is equivalent to the drugs being ineffective, while others thought that their effectiveness has yet to be refuted.
In the extreme, increasing this probability by 50% (from 0.575 to 0.863) would result in an incremental cost effectiveness ratio equivalent to about 1.4 times India's per capita gross domestic product, falling between the WHO's criteria for "very cost effective" (one times per capita gross domestic product) and "cost effective" (three times per capita gross domestic product) interventions.
In practice, assessment of the single-tablet regimen in the terms described here may indicate the range of cost reduction possible for a treatment regimen comprising various molecules (some of which may be nearing patent expiration) with a cost-effectiveness ratio equivalent to that of the corresponding single-tablet regimen.
Beemsterboer et al. [ 7] using Catalan data on BC mortality, incidence and screening and Dutch data on costs, obtained cost-effectiveness ratios equivalent to 5,553, 4,387 and 4,321 € per YL (5% discounting) for scenarios that target women 50-64 years of age with screening intervals of one, two and three years, respectively.
It is however, controversial whether the promising treatment effects observed in clinical trials can be transformed into an equivalent effectiveness in a routine clinical setting, although one retrospective observational cohort study by Backus et al. of patients treated in a routine clinical setting at Veterans Affairs facilities showed efficacy of treatment to be 20-52% [ 12].
However, insignificant differences do not allow concluding that interval or continuous are of clinically equivalent effectiveness[ 13] These trials were too small to show clinical equivalence or non-inferiority and they did not provide evidence on the tolerance of these two exercise modalities.
But these products are usually of inferior quality and more limited effectiveness than the equivalent from American and European manufacturers.
If follow-up studies to Dr Karim's work confirm her findings, women will have been given an anti-AIDS weapon of equivalent effectiveness.
