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Including a cost effectiveness component in this study is important, as policy makers seek to maximise health care funds across populations [ 20].
The economic component of the review was restricted to economic analyses conducted alongside the studies meeting eligibility criteria for the effectiveness component of the review.
Overall, existing RCTs are small, subject to bias, have only examined short-term outcomes and lack a cost effectiveness component or reports on health related quality of life.
One important aspect of the design of the cost effectiveness component of RCTs including those evaluating pharmacist interventions for pain relates to the selection of the most appropriate health utility measures.
For instance, the cost data collection could have been extended and more health systems research could have been planned to inform the effectiveness component which could have enlarged the range of health interventions for the cost-effectiveness analysis.
For the effectiveness component, some authorities prefer the use of quality adjusted life years (QALYs), as these are believed to allow for a universal comparison across diseases areas [ 1].
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5 The safety and effectiveness components of quality have been measured using other approaches, such as mortality assessments, 6 the Global Trigger Tool 7 and patient-reported outcome measures.
Our simplified model uses only the simulated drug-related costs, ignoring both the non-drug-related cost and the effectiveness components of the ICER, because the future introduction of generic dabigatran etexilate would only affect the drug- related costing component of the ICER (see Equations 7 and 8).
Studies accepted for the systematic review were differentiated according to whether cost and effectiveness components (model or calculation inputs) were derived from a single clinical trial or study designed as part of the economic study (trial-based economic studies), or synthesized from numerous studies (modeled economic studies).
We describe the design of the cost-effectiveness component of the first large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of lipid-lowering therapy in subjects aged 70 years or older.
The primary outcome for the cost-effectiveness component of the study will be EQ-5D [ 27].
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