Even some of the largest bacterial cells we know are still effectively diffusion-limited; for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis appears as a sphere up to 750 μm across, easily visible to the naked eye, but is organized as a very thin shell of cytoplasm, less than 2 μm thick, surrounding a gigantic vacuole [ 17].
Here, an Ossie Clark could cost up to £300 (for, say, the python-skin dress bought by Eartha Kitt) but by the late 1960s, his designs were also available on the high street through the Radley chain (effectively a diffusion line, albeit long before the concept was created, for which you might pay under £20 for a virtually undiluted piece of Ossie).
At a hydrogen concentration of ∼35 at.%, the concentration gradient of the mobile unbounded hydrogen atoms is neutralised effectively stopping diffusion towards the interface.
The pre-silicide layer effectively limits diffusion of Ni into the substrate and therefore allows for the low-temperature growth of Ni2Si and NiSi.
For a solar cell to collect minority carriers effectively, the diffusion length of the bulk material should be comparable to the thickness of the active region of the device.
It is also emphasized that RIG suppressed the increase of white blood cells level, indicating that the present RIG treatment effectively prevents diffusion of local inflammation to entire body.
The arrangement of the major structural proteins into tightly packed hexamers with small central pores [3]-[5] creates a boundary that effectively impedes diffusion of CO2 out of the carboxysome [6], [7].
This effectively improved diffusion, but also affected the internal distribution of the chemicals.
The clay barriers in a single-component GS system effectively block diffusion-based release, leading to approximately 50% reduction in bolus doses and 10-fold increase in the release timescale.
In the typical example of PZT, the oxide conductive materials were utilized as the electrodes [96], which effectively blocked the diffusion effect in each interface.
