Alex Clark writes: You could argue that Muriel Spark's body of work was most effectively characterised as the study of charisma and the deceptions that can be carried out, almost unstoppably, under its auspices.
Though western sanctions don't prohibit foreign trade and investment or affect international aid – it's said that Zimbabwe's 2009 cholera epidemic topped 100,000 cases, registering some 4,300 deaths – the Mugabe administration effectively characterised the sanctions as an affront to the common Zimbabwean, further crippling the nation's already hobbled economy.
We demonstrated that an overall mechanism regulating gene expression of −P-responsive genes in wheat could be effectively characterised using short-read NGS data.
Nevertheless the discussion points out to a number of deficiencies in application - (i) a need to more effectively characterise potential users, and; (ii) a need to better foster communication among the distinguished roles in the development process.
This analysis has shown that MLST can be used effectively to characterise N. gonorrhoeae collections, obtained both locally and globally, and has demonstrated a level of discrimination that appears comparable to that determined for the meningococcus using MLST [ 16, 25] and the gonococcus using the NG-MAST scheme [ 15].
Drugs that can be effectively dialysed are characterised by their water solubility, low protein binding, low molecular weight (<500 Da) and small volume of distribution.
Demoralisation is a psychological state occurring in stressful life situations where a person feels unable to respond effectively to their circumstances, characterised by feelings of distress, subjective incompetence, helplessness and hopelessness.
Though the word "rave" emerged in 1950s Britain to describe "wild bohemian parties," rave as we know it today was, effectively, born in 1980s Manchester, characterised by acid house music, ecstasy, whistles and people with large bottles of water mouthing "are you having a good night," at the kind of strangers they'd usually cross the road to avoid.
"This case starkly demonstrates the difficulty of responding effectively to families where parenting is characterised by low-level neglect which at times escalates into inadequate parenting with detrimental consequences for children's wellbeing," it says.
They add: "It cannot be right that a person bringing a divorce petition, in most cases a woman, is subject to what has been characterised in evidence to us as effectively a divorce tax.
So Martin-Löf random sequences satisfy all the intuitive properties we would expect of a sequence produced by tosses of a fair coin, but are characterised entirely by reference to the effectively specifiable measure one sets of infinite sequences.
