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The effect is better seen if we operate with the effective tilt Ψ SW, and provided that the fast flows are excluded from the analysis.
The bottom row of Fig. 3 gives the number of substorms in relation to the effective tilt angle Ψ SW.
Fig. 6 The minimal substorm AL index (horizontal axis) versus tilt-related values (vertical bars) as follows: dipole tilt (top left panel), effective tilt (top right panel), product of the dipole tilt and SW inclination α (bottom left).
The next diagram in the top right panel of the Fig. 6 shows the same data, but with the effective tilt values Ψ SW plotted along the vertical axis.
Then, positive values of Ψ norm would correspond to the same sign of the dipole tilt and the additional tilt due to the SW deflection, while its negative values would correspond to a decrease of effective tilt and, hence, a smaller current sheet curvature.
The effective tilt angle Ψ GSW (the angle between the Z GSW axis and Earth's dipole axis) depends not only on the date/UT (which defines the tilt angle Ψ GSM in the standard solar-magnetospheric coordinate system) but also on the orientation of the SW velocity vector V SW.
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Numerical results, for two half-spaces separated by a tilted interface, quantify error trends versus effective interface tilting, material properties, transmitter/receiver spacing, sensor position, coating slab thickness, and transmitter and receiver orientation, helping understand the spurious scattering's effect on reliable (effective) tilting this algorithm can model.
Finally, we conclude that the most intense substorms usually happen during the periods with smaller effective tilts, because the symmetric magnetotail configurations with a planar current sheet more effectively accumulate and store the lobe magnetic flux.
In such situations, the difference from the opposite case (when the SW deflections decrease the effective dipole tilt) may be quite significant, with as much as a 10 20 % increase in the number of substorm onsets.
The geometry of the specimen is a crucial parameter in this technique, as it determines the effective available tilt range during acquisition, and affects the quality of the dataset.
They can throw lots of money at Washington, and it's effective at tilting policies on microeconomic issues their way.
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