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Open image in new window Fig. 4 Definition of the effective tension area.
When the specimen being pulled, the entire destroy cross section is in tension stress state, meanwhile the initial micro-cracks expand and the effective tension area decreases, which lead to a significant reduction in tensile strength.
kern-0pt} {A_{text{c,eff}} }}), where (A_{text{c,eff}}) is the effective tension area, i.e., (A_{text{c,eff}}) is the area of concrete surrounding the tension reinforcement of depth (h_{text{c,eff}}), where (h_{text{c,eff}}) is the smallest of (2.5(h - d)), ((h - x)/3), or ({h mathord{left/ {vphantom {h 2}} right.
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Considering the given track cross sectional areas and an effective tension reinforcement depth d, measured to the centroid of the track, of 8.43 in., the tension steel ratio of the beam specimens would be 0.0141.
And it girded the concert, his first in the United States in 15 years, with a vibrant and effective tension.
The way of the effective tension solution is not easy to find.
They inferred that the buildup of a porous layer with oxide nanoparticles increases the adhesion tension γSV - γSL and the roughness factor r (the ratio of the effective contact area to the smooth contact area), and both effects lead to a pronounced reduction of the contact angle in accordance the modified Young-Laplace equation [56], (2).
General expressions to evaluate the effective area of concrete in tension are given and tested in full scale experiments of members with circular cross sections symmetrically and asymmetrically reinforced.
Effective pattern area (acres).
The effective photovoltaic area was 10 mm2.
Sp is the effective communication area.
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