Sentence examples for effective surface energy from inspiring English sources
Initially small nuclei, depending on the effective surface energy available, form on the substrate.
This is attributed to the effect of formation of hierarchical roughness on the surface as well as reduction of effective surface energy of the substrate.
A concept of crack driving force and crack stability analysis is employed to predict crack behavior under different loading conditions; the concept of crack growth resistance, such as an effective surface energy, is used.
So, the bond fracture energy G f in Eq. (13) can be expressed as: G_{f} = G_{F} (theta ) (15)in which, the mixed-mode fracture energy of the interface G F, can be regarded as an effective surface energy that depends on the mode mixity θ; where θ = 0 and 90° correspond to pure mode-I and mode-II fractures, respectively.
The protection is usually accomplished by adsorbing and/or chemically orienting polymers, thereby generating a layer that becomes sterically and chemically protective due to a lowering of the effective surface energy of the colloidal gold surface.
The effective surface free energy Φ is written as Φ = γ top + γ bottom + γ side.
In this model, several effective constraints of surface energy density increase combining the multiple breakage and the underlying turbulence were proposed.
Direct reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene often results in an irreversible agglomeration and hence suppressing its effective surface available for energy storage.
for 3D growth, where b(B), s (Vm), ϵ, z, and e are a constant (b = π for circular), the area (volume) occupied by one metallic atom on the surface of the nucleus, the edge (surface) energy, the effective electron number, and elementary charge (approximately 1.602176565 35) × 10−19 coulomb), respectively; η is the overpotential.
The ideal SFE is characterized by a chemical energy volume term and an interphase surface energy term, whereas the effective SFE is defined by an additional strain energy volume term.
The so-called effective dissipated energy is partitioned in both formulations to the surface energy and the energy dissipated during the interface debonding process, where the former is independent and the latter dependent on the fracture mode mixity.
