The screen effect remarkably reduces the effective surface charge density at the trap and driving electrodes.
Properly selected pore distribution has bigger effect on the capacity than effective surface area does [6, 7].
UV irradiation, as an effective surface treatment method, has been effectively used to create hydrophilic surfaces [1, 30].
The effect on particle size also reflected on zeta potential since effective surface area decreases with increase in particle size.
Andryieuski, A. & Lavrinenko, A. V. Graphene metamaterials based tunable terahertz absorber: effective surface conductivity approach.
Nanopores increased the effective surface area available for enzyme immobilizing.
Fournier, J.-B., Lacoste, D. & Raphael, E. Fluctuation spectrum of fluid membranes coupled to an elastic meshwork: Jump of the effective surface tension at the mesh size.
So a group of researchers at Georgia Tech has made dye-sensitized solar cells with a much higher effective surface area by wrapping the cells around optical fibers.
One explanation could be that application of flow does not only mix interfacial with bulk solution, but may also slightly alter the effective surface charge density of silica25.
In this method, several prefabricated units or modules of "tube settlers" are installed near the tops of tanks in order to increase their effective surface area.
U-value includes the need to measure/predict the effective surface resistances.
