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Interestingly, price has a pronounced negative effect on proportional effective spread.
– Establishing continuity, a substantial leadership pool and an effective spread of leadership can be difficult.
In fragile or failing states, security is a precondition for the effective spread of governance, the rule of law and economic and human development.
This effective spread rate was independent of AC frequency, while it decreased linearly with voltage and was independent of the inclination angle.
But by the third measure, the effective spread, which simply measures the difference between prices of actual customer buys and sells, the spread fell after competition came in and has remained around the lower level ever since.
Studying teacher enactment of an innovation helps us understand the process of effective spread of a curricular innovation to teachers who have differing levels of content readiness, pedagogical orientations, teaching competency, different student profiles, and professional development experiences.
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First, as we report cross-sectional averages, stocks with large effective spreads relative to other stocks will have a significant effect on the average we report.
The conclusion is that up to 10 wt.% V2O5 there is monolayering of the alumina by vanadia, but that further loading leads to much less effective spreading.
L-929 cells cultured with chitosan macroporous membrane (S3) revealed that the cells were flattened with effective spreading after 24 h and 48 h of culturing.
Field validation tests show that the average coefficient of variation with respect to the effective spreading swath width of the applicator was 16.74%.
"In four of the five actively traded options we examined, effective spreads have fallen between 22 and 44percentt since these options went from single exchange trading to multiple listings," Mr. Levitt said in a speech last September.
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