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The studied haunched length is one-third the effective span of the beam.
All the specimens were sized as 100 × 76 × 406 mm with an effective span of 300 mm.
The wide flange precast prestressed concrete girder sections currently used in bridges result in a shorter effective span for the bridge deck between the wide girder top flanges.
When considering convenience in the preparation of the specimen, the rectangular specimen is particularly recommended, although the effective span length is restricted.
In advance, the determination of an effective span ratio is followed with an assumption that the magnitude of maximum negative moment must be the same as that of the maximum positive moment along all of the spans.
Finally, many rigorous time-dependent analyses are conducted to establish the validity of the introduced relations, and this paper shows that an effective span length ratio of the exterior span to the interior span ranges between 0.75 and 0.8.
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Griseofulvin had a synergistic effect on gelation which was attributed to an effective spanning of associated hydrophobic polymeric regions through interactions with the adsorbed polymer.
Effective span-to-depth ratio.
The suggested design equations are applicable to specimens with an effective span-to-depth ratio l n /d less than 5 (ACI 318 1999).
P_{CA} = frac{{2 cdot T_{u1} cdot y_{CA} }}{{l_{1} }} + frac{{T_{u2} cdot y_{CA} }}{{l_{2} }} (1 where T u is the tensile resistance of the beams, y CA is the middle joint vertical deflection that corresponds to CA capacity, and l 1 and l 2 are the effective spans of the main and transverse beams, respectively.
This work investigates the use of nonlinear estimators or observers to provide cost-effective span tension estimates from system measurements.
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