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The effective refinement of nodes, elements, element-edges, element-surfaces, mesh-boundaries, mesh-faces and local regions can be realized.
The research findings also encourage development of AR-DRG along the lines of age-dependent complication levels, so it is appropriate to examine how this knowledge can be implemented to achieve effective refinement.
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To facilitate users and obtain the effective local refinement, this paper proposes a local refinement technique.
Effective grain refinement by the Al 5Ti 1B grain refiner is directly attributed to the enhanced potency of TiB2 particles with the Al3Ti 2DC and sufficient free Ti solute in the melt after grain refiner addition to achieve the columnar-to-equiaxed transition.
Its formation can be attributed to the effective microstructure refinement and high deformation energy storage during the electroplastic deformation process.
Understanding the factors influencing k and their mechanisms could offer guidance to design and produce high-strength Mg alloys through effective grain refinement hardening.
We have found that this design does not produce enough plastic strain per RCS cycle for effective grain refinement prior to the formation and growth of fatigue cracks.
It is found that during the early stage of CGP more effective grain refinement can be achieved using the pressing die with narrower groove widths.
We present a hybrid metaheuristic approach (HMA) to solve this problem which incorporates an effective local refinement procedure, coupling a randomized tabu thresholding procedure with an infeasible descent procedure, into the memetic framework.
It is well accepted in the literature that for effective grain refinement some solute is required in the melt to restrict the growth of the solid even if potent nucleating particles with a favourable physical nature are present.
The more effective grain refinement was attributed to stress induced martensitic transformation in the former, leading to the formation of thin α″ plates which divide β grains into smaller domains.
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