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This observation is attributed to the spacer 'shadow effect' and the resulting reduction in the effective membrane area by the spacers.
The rough membrane surface had a larger effective membrane area than that of the smooth membrane surface.
In addition, it was observed that using spacers among the fibers may increase the effective membrane area 18 33%.
Effect of various parameters, such as, initial mole ratio of iso-propanol over lactic acid, the ratio of the effective membrane area over the volume of reacting mixture, process temperature and catalyst concentration on the performance of pervaporation reactor were discussed.The presented data can be extended for study and design of pervaporation reactor for similar kind of reactions.
In this study, EED stacks including 1, 2 and 4 cell units (50 mm × 50 mm effective membrane area) were designed and applied for the concentration of HI in HIx solution (HI H2O I2 mixture), using Nafion membrane and graphite electrodes.
The effective membrane area was 0.95 cm2.
Similar(46)
The effective membrane areas of each IEM are about 120 cm2.
These values were then converted to unit area resistance (Ω·cm) by multiplying them with the effective membrane surface area (0.336 cm).
From these measurements, the effective membrane surface area is quantified.
As a result, optimization of the MD module performance is achievable, by adjusting the effective membrane surface area and feed flow rate, to improve internal heat recovery and also produce higher fresh water rate.
In this way, by applying sequentially the same experimental procedure formerly developed, it was possible to determine all the engineering parameters (i.e., ion transport numbers in solution and electro-membranes; effective solute and water transport numbers; effective membrane surface area, surface resistances and limiting current intensity) of the electrodialytic process of concern.
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