Sentence examples for effective mating from inspiring English sources

The effective mating distance was within 0 80 m; within this area, the pollen contribution rate approached 96.26%.

In general, effective mating plugs counter polyandry and thereby may oppose female interests if females benefit from receiving more sperm or sperm from several males [ 41, 42].

In several species, sperm is known to be transferred only at the very beginning of copulation, while during the later stages of copulation males transfer substances that build effective mating plugs or other manipulating seminal fluids [ 24, 25].

However, it has been suggested that morphological features other than such characteristics could also be constrained by the mating system, reflecting evolutionary trade-offs between effective mating and bodily phenotype [ 3].

For species with multiple reports of colony size or effective mating frequency, we chose the study with the largest sample size, attempting to use reports of the two variables from the same population whenever possible, and (with the exception of Vespa velutina) only reports from colonies studied within the species' native ranges.

We also found that effective mating frequency of queens was similar between the species.

Hence, we propose that, similar to the evolution of female abdominal spines and other external morphologies in some water striders [14] [17], female genitalia concealment in G. gracilicornis might have evolved as an effective mating-resistance trait under sexual-conflict driven selection.

With an effective mate number [ 23] of 2 or more, matrigenes should be less selfish [ 13].

However, queens in each species may achieve the optimal effective mate number via different evolutionary strategies.

In contrast to the actual mate number, the estimates of effective mate number did not differ significantly between species (S = 343, P = 0.2482).

This suggests that unequal use of sperm reduces the effective mate numbers to approximately equal levels in both species, despite the fact that actual queen mate number differed significantly in the two taxa.