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This result clearly shows that presenting multiple equivalent binding sites to the binding partner has a measurably positive effect on the effective affinity of the individual interaction site.
The parameters fold YX and fold XY represent the rate constants, and K DYX and K DXY the effective affinity constants, for the suppressive effects of gene y on gene x, and of gene x on gene y, respectively.
This is accomplished despite the intrinsic low affinity for their ligands through multivalent interactions that increase effective affinity and adhesive force.
By combining binding determinants from both substrates into a single molecule, the effective affinity and selectivity for the target is dramatically increased.
In the present study, we examined the initial Ab repertoire from the viewpoint of the latent potential of these Abs for effective affinity maturation.
Vector release or binding is regulated by the effective affinity of the vector for the polymer, which depends upon the strength of molecular interactions.
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The variations of the overall numbers of active proteins with the three effective affinities are given in Fig. 4. For each kinase, it is assumed that the effective affinities of the precedent kinases are 1 µM.
Knowing the values of the association and dissociation constants as well as the overall number of each protein, only three parameters remain unknown and can be varied: the three effective affinities of Ste11, Ste7 and Fus3 to Ste5 (see method section).
Based on a variety of evidence (NCPA, effective migration, affinity of 3N1 mtDNA with western CA6 mtDNA, and affinity of many 3N1 chromosomal and allozyme variants with western CA6 and SM6 varitnts–16), is is clear that the 3N1 mtDNA clone originated in western Australia.
Horizontal scaling, illustrated in Figure 1F, results from tuning of the Hill constant K (increasing K scales the curve to the right), which is related to the effective binding affinity of the input signal to the process.
While useful for gaining spatio-temporal insight into protein activity, the penetration (i.e., effective dosage), affinity, and specificity of small-molecule inhibitors (often developed for use in other systems) may limit the pathways and targets that can be investigated in vivo in Platynereis.
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