"All agree," wrote one, "in the account of their sensations under its effects – alterations of cold and heat, fear and boldness, everything joyous and magnificent".
Toxic effects' alterations caused by system properties at population and community levels were discussed in particular, and the species-at-risk approach based on ecological traits was presented.
Such effect may be mediated through at least two effects: alterations in adipokine levels and increasing insulin resistance.
A third possibility is side effects: alterations that neither enhance the success of the oncogenic instruction nor protect the host from it (categories adapted from Ewald 1980).
Because cell cycle regulation is a key mechanism by which most chemotherapy agents exert their cytotoxic effect, alterations that may occur in cell cycle regulation in cancer may contribute to lack of response to some agents [ 4].
Changes in genes expression may create interpatient variation in drug effect, alteration in tumour microenvironment, and changes within cellular structures, metabolism and functions that promotes towards drug resistance.
Thus, the combination of the two effects – alteration of Ca2+ influx and diminished capability of Ca2+ clearance by mitochondria – seriously increases the susceptibility of striatal cells expressing mutant HTT to excitotoxic insults.
Chronic TNFα stimulation of skin γδ T cells results in direct effects, including alterations in TCR expression, and effects on other signaling pathways, including mTOR and Akt.
He makes sparing and effective use of music, sound effects and alterations in the visual texture of the film (shot on digital video) to suggest the character's unsettled inner state.
These effects result from alterations in gene expression mediated by the AhR [ 4].
If the products of reading the different genes are all necessary to produce a physiological effect, then alterations in any one of the genes will block the effect.
