"The real effect of this speech will be to further increase the intolerance and the hostile reception that immigrants are facing from some sections of society".
In reality, the effect on MPs' seats is more complex to measure as voters are not spread evenly across constituencies: some areas within may heavily favour one party, others its main rival.
Ms. Coronado estimated that this Summers effect would reduce domestic economic growth by 0.5 to 0.75 percentage point over the next two years, which could reduce job creation by 350,000 to 500,000 jobs.
In the case of ordinary consumers, "switching costs" have a major effect.
The material effect of being so isolated is that information is reordered around the reality they can't escape: everybody has to care what the Hamas military guy says; his speech is analysed late into the night by groups huddled over cigarettes.
Turning to Paul Le Guen was bold, imaginative and seemingly unrealistic but demonstrative of a degree of audacity that Murray has often matched with persuasiveness to great effect.
It is also very rewarding as you can see the direct effect of the research on people's lives.
For Tsipras, the youngest leader to hold high office in modern times, what lies ahead is a litany of choices with potentially explosive effect.
In effect, Di Girolamo was being asked to help draft a letter to himself.
Palace's players had arrived at the Amex for the second leg of the semi-final to find the tension in the tie had clearly already had an explosive effect.
This has the effect of making the figurative drawing more abstract, paradoxically, neutralising the shock effect of the splayed limbs, the proffered genitalia, the immediate sexual context of artist and model.
