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This EST collection also will provide a large number of genetic tools, such as SSR and SNP markers, which will be used to construct high density gene maps, facilitating the integration of genetic and genomic approaches to discover the genes that effect trait variations, and also facilitating the sequence assembly in further activities of whole T. cacao genome sequencing.
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These traits were also identified as "effect" traits for their influence on soil structure.
Species richness and functional diversity of response and effect traits were partitioned along spatial scales.
Shifts in functional assemblages of response and effect traits were analyzed by multivariate analyses, whereas changes in single trait metrics were analyzed by mixed-model effects.
We examined differences in species and functional assemblages, splitting response and effect traits, across various habitats and levels of agricultural intensification.
We identified earthworm "response" traits that had been selected and assessed consequences of these changes on effects of earthworm communities (via their "effect" traits) on soil processes and ecosystem services.
We suggest that distinguishing between functional response traits and functional effect traits both in combinatorial manipulations of biodiversity and in descriptive studies of BEF could markedly improve the power of such studies.
Thus, through a combination of traits related to clonal expansion, and effect traits related to canopy shading and litter decomposability, Sabina creates large patches of high dune stability.
Depending on their structural and chemical effect traits (see above and below), they may decompose fast or slowly, and this is likely to be species dependent.
We thus propose a response-effect trait framework to capture functional relationships along different trophic levels.
We used a response-effect trait framework to characterize the impact of agricultural intensification on two ecosystem services delivered by arable plants to pollinator and non-pollinator insects and birds.
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