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To unravel the biological relevance of these effect pathways, we applied a 2 × 2-factorial test design.
Although waterborne effects were generally stronger than the diet-related effects, results suggest impaired functioning of A. aquaticus via both effect pathways.
Our results thus indicate that fungicide mixtures have the potential for detrimental implications in aquatic ecosystem functioning by affecting shredders via both effect pathways.
To understand the relevance of these effect pathways, we used a full 2 × 2-factorial test design: the leaf material serving as food was microbially colonized for 12 days either in a fungicide-free control or exposed to a mixture of five current-use fungicides (sum concentration of 62.5 μg/L).
The result of simulation shows conceptual effect pathways.
The primary network was usually too complex to identify the causal effect pathways efficiently.
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The major effect pathway by which they operate is the endogenous apoptotic pathway.
Figure 2 demonstrates the metformin effect pathway on T2D model.
According to the metformin effect pathway, metformin targeted PRKAB1 enzyme in hepatocyte.
It shows integrated drug effect pathway of metformin in the rules [ 20].We simulated effect of single drug at each simulation step among twenty-two drugs.
34 37 The DAG clarified how a number of the potential confounding variables were intermediate variables in the theoretical effect pathway and therefore, not true confounders.
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