Thinning can actually have a salutary effect on the forest.
In the 20th century, natural stand-replacing disturbances were infrequent and had a less extensive effect on the forest landscape than did logging.
Indeed, while storms have a clear effect on the forest living biomass pool (Fig. 1, panel a), the effect of fires on this pool appears, at the EU level, much less evident.
As Brazil's government steps back from Amazon conservation, the urgent need for stronger protection has been made more apparent by a new data map that highlights the knock-on effect of the forest's capacity to absorb carbon, regulate temperatures and sustain life.
We found that when supporting services were excluded, the effect of the forest attributes on the correlations between services became significant.
Again, this is a conservative approach, because we assessed only the unique effect of the forest attributes on the services and removed any shared variance with environmental factors.
Over all services, we did not find a significant, unique effect of the forest attributes on ecosystem service correlations (Supplementary Table 4a).
A set of 20 tipping-bucket rain gauges and throughfall collectors were placed in a lattice-like distribution throughout a 10 × 10-m experimental plot to investigate the effect of the forest canopy on the spatial variability of throughfall.
Though the economic cost is important, so is the pests' effect on the forests themselves.
In reality, though, big old trees are special, and anything that affects them could have a disproportionate effect on the forests, he said.
However, where subsistence and shifting cultivation are the norm increasing populations are having a significant cumulative effect on the forests.
