He's skeptical of the notion that subpoenas to journalists necessarily have a chilling effect on sources.
– John Kampfner, chief executive of Index on Censorship, in a letter to the commissioner of the Metropolitan police, Bernard Hogan-Howe Even if the paper succeeds in turning back the demand, it could have a chilling effect on sources' willingness to expose corruption.
The president of the AP, Gary Pruitt, called the actions a "massive and unprecedented intrusion" and noted that the government's actions were creating a profound chilling effect on sources and members of the press.
But Turnbull also said the concern that the bill "might have a chilling effect on sources cooperating with journalists" was "misguided" because "in our submission, the bill does not grant law or security agencies any new powers in the way they access metadata of journalists or anyone else... it simply ensures the type of data currently being retained is being retained for a specified period".
Similarly, Priest said the result could be a "chilling effect on sources".
For foraging, reducing the time limit has little effect on sources that are nearby, but for far sources, it limits the success of high clockwise bias dramatically, exaggerating the trends observed in the far cases.
However, if this migration could create knowledge flows from host to source countries, the detrimental effects on source countries associated with outward migration may be less than expected.
The results show that increasing urban development and poorly managed agricultural areas have the most adverse effects on source water quality.
Ishimaru et al. ([2013]) found that when the IAA-glucose hydrolase gene stops functioning, TGW6 enhances grain weight through pleiotropic effects on source organs, and leads to significant yield increases.
Therefore, our behavioral source memory results are not very informative on this point since if there were self-referential effects on source accuracy in our study, these may have been obscured by response biases that we were unable to measure.
