Chen Hongguo said the Xi era had had a "chilling effect" on Chinese academia: scholars were self-censoring or completely avoiding certain topics while many journals now shunned potentially controversial issues altogether.
The condemnations certainly had a positive effect on science, but scholars disagree over their relative influence.
In the research of coal rank effect on methane adsorption, most scholars believe that with the increase of coal rank, the adsorption capacity of coal increases monotonously, while Laxminarayana (Laxminarayana and Crosdale 1999 , 2002 found a 'U' relation presents between coal rank and adsorption capacity.
To sum up, in order to reduce the convolution effect, the scholars mainly focused on the effects of path type and path spacing on the MSF error.
In addition, some scholars explore the effect on social behavior when cultural norms and formal institution collide.
The Supreme Court's surprise ruling on Obamacare left legislators and legal scholars debating the decision's effect on broccoli.
How the federal bench is shaped in the next four or eight years, scholars say, could have a profound effect on issues like affirmative action, abortion rights and the lengths to which the government may go in aiding parochial schools.
Mark Hallett, director of studies at the Paul Mellon Center for Studies in British Art, said the initiative could have a "transformative effect" both for scholars and on the way that art is viewed by the public.
"We're experiencing the biggest media petri dish in four centuries," observes Paul Saffo, a visiting scholar at Stanford University who specializes in technology's effect on society.
Some political scholars even think the California recall election might have the opposite effect on other states: People elsewhere would not want to follow the example of such a quirky, Hollywood-style affair.
