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Possibly, bad policies curb growth rates for a spell, but not enough to have a significant effect on incomes in the long term.
The multiplier was the amount by which a change in investment would be multiplied in achieving its final effect on incomes or expenditures.
The 40p rate could take effect on incomes of £20,000 (compared with £43,000 for workers) and the 45p rate at £40,000 (against £150,000 for workers).
Conversely, in the DC system, the main effect on incomes and consumption comes from higher per capita pension benefit receipts (see Fig. 3 c, d).
She also pointed out the persistence of too high unemployment, with its negative effect on incomes, hopes, and purchasing power.
The effect on incomes should be even larger in the May and June reports, reflecting the bulk of the payments.
Similar(51)
I argue that the distinct features of Colombia come from the dominance of clientelism over populism, but this substitution of one instrument for another has little effect on income per-capita or inequality.
The ban had a "big effect on income", Gillies concedes.
Can presidents really have such a dramatic effect on income?
And real-estate speculation has a drastic effect on income distribution.
When asked about the effect on income, half thought it wouldn't change much.
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