We witnessed the deadly effects of turf battles recently in Waco, Texas between rival motorcycle clubs (gangs) in the parking lot, outdoor patio, and inside the local Twin Peaks Restaurant.
We also used PAM fluorometry (a common approach for measuring of a colony's "fitness") to detect the effects of turf algae on the photophysiology of neighboring corals.
To distinguish between the effects of turf algae and nutrient enrichment on coral health, we included two additional treatments whereby corals bordering CCA were also subjected to a no nutrient and nutrient enriched treatment.
Review of these papers reveals that there is a growing interest in investigating the real-world effects of TURFs, both positive and negative.
This study explores the expected effects of existing TURF sizes on yields for TURF systems in Chile, México and Japan.
In Connecticut, United States Representative Rosa L. DeLauro, a Democrat from New Haven, has asked the Environmental Protection Agency to study the health effects of artificial turf.
Behind him are the withering effects of a turf toe in the preseason, a pinched nerve in his neck that caused his left arm to go numb at midseason and a groin pull at season's end.
Last year more than a dozen artificial turf fields in New York and New Jersey were closed by schools because of high lead levels, above what the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers safe for soil, and state agencies in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut began studies of the environmental and health effects of the turf.
But, there is little question that, environmentally, Beijing's golf craze -- considering the sizeable amount of land taken out of production in a country short of arable land, the water and the pesticides needed to maintain the 18,100 acres, and the harmful effects of intensive turf management on the city's water supply -- makes little sense.
