To assess the effect of this antigenic divergence between field isolates and the official vaccine strain, serologic testing was evaluated by means of HI assays.
This is modeled by the sum of two terms: The fixed effect of the divergence between the species given that changes are nonsynonymous genome wide βND (average genome-wide selection effect) and the random effect of the divergence given that changes are nonsynonymous in a given gene βNDG (gene-specific selection effect).
However, we have argued that the authors did not consider the effect of the divergence of the X-ray beam (Gunderson et al. 2010).
Thus, exponential growth attenuates the effect of the divergence time, improving the relative performance of an external reference panel in terms of both optimality probability and expected imputation accuracy when compared to populations of constant size.
However compelling Kagan's arguments about the causes and effects of the divergence of Europe and the United States, it is difficult to accept the idea that the current level of animosity is natural or unavoidable, that it would have been the same no matter who was in the White House or in the Élysée Palace.
In heliconiine butterflies, "reproductive isolation" between populations and between species is not only approximately continuously distributed, but also the effect of genetic divergence between species predicts this relationship.
While genome duplication immediately introduces additional genetic material that can serve as a template for evolutionary innovation, the effect of this variation on adaptation and divergence rates in descendent lineages is debated (Taylor et al. 2001; Donoghue and Purnell 2005; Hufton and Panopoulou 2009; Mayrose et al. 2011).
However, values for the 200- μm fiber seem anomalous, which might be an effect of the higher divergence of this particular fiber as measured from the beam profiler.
Whatever its topics, extreme or anodyne, an effect of radical divergence is produced by the rhyming.
We studied the effect of sequence divergence by randomly mutating 3 %, 6, and 9% of the bands in a read following a Jukes-Cantor model of sequence evolution [21].
