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However, because the control was a no-treatment group, it is difficult to assess the effect of therapist attention or patient expectancy on the results.
The effect of therapist support is impressive considering its limited amount (15 minutes per week for 6 weeks) and the fact that the support took place over the telephone.
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Lewis et al. [ 11] hypothesized that an approach focusing on coaching may contribute to the effect of therapists on treatment outcomes.
There were no random effects of therapist on symptom improvement, but therapists who were inexperienced in CT-PTSD had more dropouts than those with greater experience.
Hypnosis does not seem to have an effect beyond the non-specific effects of therapist contact, social support and relaxation in fostering smoking abstinence.
Adequate process scales are needed to identify and analyze in-session effects of therapist techniques in psychodynamic psychotherapy and empirically establish their links to outcome.
To identify and analyze in-session effects of therapist techniques in psychodynamic psychotherapy and empirically establish their links to outcome rely on adequate process scales [ 4- 6].
By choosing this type of control group, we wanted to evaluate whether hypnotherapy had an effect in addition to the non-specific effects of therapist contact, social support and relaxation.
Other recent studies investigated more homogeneous samples of clients with a particular disorder who were treated according to a particular protocol and found no significant effects of therapist on outcome (e.g., Cella, Stahl, Reme, & Chalder, 2011; Wilson, Wilfley, Agras, & Bryson, 2011).
This study investigated the effects of therapists' self-efficacy and stress coping strategies on burnout.
Studies of mixed patient samples treated by therapists of different theoretical orientation have tended to show larger random effects of therapists, in the range of 5 8% of the variance in outcome (Lutz et al., 2007; Wampold & Brown, 2005).
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