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Due to the shielding effect of the truss bridge, the relationships between the aerodynamic coefficients and the yaw angle change with different incoming wind velocities and wind angles.
For a deeper analysis of the shielding effect of the truss bridge on the train body under crosswinds, a dynamic mesh method is adopted to establish a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model.
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To describe the proposed macro-model, out-of-plane bending of the wall, and effect of the slab, the truss element, the elastic beam-column element, and the shell element of the OpenSEES (PEER 2001) were used, respectively.
The effect of the shell-truss sand mold on the cooling of the castings was investigated in comparison with the traditional dense sand mold.
The effect of belt truss and outrigger system is modeled as a concentrated rotational spring applied at the belt truss and outrigger system location.
The effect of belt truss and shear core on framed tube is modeled as a concentrated moment applied at belt truss location, this moment acts in a direction opposite to rotation created by lateral loads.
Determination of structure's stiffness matrix using stiffness method and applying effect of outrigger-belt truss system by inserting the equivalent stiffness of rotational spring into stiffness matrix of the structure.
The effect of the ground surface deformations is more significant on the truss members closed to the supports.
Irvine's linearized forms of the deflection and the cable equations are modified because the effects of the non-linear truss behaviour needed to be incorporated in them.
Effect of outrigger-belt truss and shear core is modeled as rotational spring at outrigger-belt truss location.
Early trusses were built without precise knowledge of how the loads are carried by each part of the truss.
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