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There was only a slight effect of the steepness of the environmental cline on the level of differentiation: Q ST = 0.7 when k E = 2 vs 0.62 when k E = 1.
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The effects of the wave steepness, the blockage coefficient of perforated wall and the relative wave chamber width on the reflection coefficient are clarified.
Considering the effect of slope steepness and slope length, Zingg (1940) developed an empirical equation for calculating field soil loss.
When the light intensity is considered, the ambient spectrum thus becomes EII(thereafter, I = EII. We varied the value of GE (0 – 0.225) to examine the effect of environmental gradient steepness on the probability of speciation.
However, evaporation and the accompanying concentration effect did increase the steepness of the light gradient in the reactor and reduced light penetration and biomass specific light absorption rates.
The effect of steepness and curvature on controlling the variation of soil properties was obvious at the summit and shoulder positions.
Furthermore, the effect of offshore wave steepness, offshore spectral bandwidth and beach slope on the velocity nonlinearities is shown to be sufficiently important to merit its inclusion in the existing parameterizations.
Leaching process seems to hinder the effect of steepness and curvature for soils at lower positions.
The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters.
A high value of the steepness curve and of the relaxing value after TENS.
The effects of gradient steepness, mobile phase pH, salt concentration and type, as well as organic modifier were evaluated for tuning selectivity and retention in HIC.
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