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When these breeds are combined, as in this cross, there is an additive complementation effect of the loci on the trait.
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The additive effect of the locus was 14.0 HU and accounted for 2% of the phenotypic variance.
With MLOD, one asks whether there is any time point at which a locus has an effect, while SLOD concerns the overall effect of the locus.
This simulates the null model (e.g. no effect of the locus on the phenotype) taking into consideration the observed population structure.
The K allele appears to be incompletely dominant to k+, resulting in phenotypes with different intensities due to a dosage effect of the locus [ 3].
For example, these matrices can be interpreted as being proportional to the covariance matrices of the effect of the locus on phenotypes of interest [ 1, 4, 6] and therefore play a central role in the statistical analysis of the variability.
The mixed model with the fixed genetic effects and random family effect was used to scan the genome to produce a probability distribution for the overall effect of the locus as well as the sex by imprinting interaction effect.
To find candidate loci for third-order interactions, we performed a genome-wide scan for variance-controlling loci for each trait, using the Brown Forsythe test to assess evidence for an effect of the locus on phenotypic variance.
Grain protein content was used as a covariable to evaluate the effect of these loci independently of the variation in protein content among lines.
In conclusion, the lack of associations in BP candidate genes may be attributed to inadequate marker coverage on the genome-wide arrays, small phenotypic effects of the loci and/or complex interaction with life-style and metabolic parameters.
Negative genetic correlations indicate antagonistic effects of the loci on the traits.
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