The immediate impact and the ripple effect of the bombing in Oklahoma City was devastating, but the scope of its impact still will not be known for years.
Many restaurant and hotel owners say the effect of the bombing has been exaggerated, but a preliminary study by the Puerto Rican government has shown a high incidence of vibroacoustic disease, a rare disorder associated with loud noises.
This relatively short period of radioactive decay, it said, "helps to dissipate the effect of the bomb after several weeks so that it is difficult to track, analyze, or recognize".
"What these increases amount to, no one can say but the fact there were increases is not really in dispute". The third effect of the bombing was to heighten instability by provoking the Taliban.
In Nairobi, she acknowledged that American personnel had mishandled things, but tried to argue that they were acting out of concern for people's safety, not from callousness.A more lasting effect of the bomb may be how Kenyans see themselves.
You can see the chillingly devastating effect of the bombing in 5 panoramic photos (one, two, three, four, five), courtesy of the Hiroshima Peace Museum.
General Miles Dempsey, in command of the British Second Army, was more concerned with the morale-boosting effect of the bombing on his troops, than any material losses it might inflict on the Germans.
Every day, the young people of New York live the effects of the "Bombs Not Books" policy.
