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The growth rates of type A and B cells are given by R and R+S, respectively, while both their death rates are given by D. Note that we assume the fitness effect of the advantageous alteration to act on the growth rather than the death rate; alternative assumptions are possible.
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Generally the advantageous effect of the sulfide group is revealed in reduction of oxygen inhibition and suppression of the drop of final conversion with increasing temperature above 70°C in the absence of oxygen.
The average effect of the ultrasonic energy is advantageous than the pulsed current while the machining time needs not to be prolonged by the off-time.
The effect of the TCM in improving advantageous risk-taking decision making appears to have been related to the enhanced efficiency of the cognitive affective system, the PFC ACC insula striatum network, which functions to inhibit impulsiveness, to sensitize reward-related information, and to allow the opportunity, during risk estimation, to evaluate potential gains and losses.
The effect of H2SeO3 is advantageous as allows simultaneously improve the coverage and decrease the thickness of the CdS film during the electrodeposition process.
When we considered the effect of the initial frequency of the advantageous allele on the length of blocks, we found their inverse correlation (Fig. S2), which indicates that variable block size as defined in this study is essential for detection of selection events under different situations.
Notably, this advantageous effect of the NW-separator on cell performance becomes more pronounced at challenging charge/discharge conditions of high voltages (herein, 4.4 V) and high current densities.
The long-term maintenance of the duplicates may be attributable to sub-/neo-functionalization of their gene functions [ 8, 42- 44] in general, although advantageous effect of the increase of gene dosage by duplication may also contribute to the duplicate gene persistence [ 45].
In spite of the advantageous sensitization effect, achieving optical gain from Er3+ in SRO has been proved to be a difficult task.
More recently however, it has been shown that when adaptation occurs from standing genetic variation or from alleles at mutation selection balance, allelic dominance has little effect on the probability of fixation of the advantageous allele (Orr and Betancourt 2001; Hermisson and Pennings 2005).
Sensitive dosage effect of the puromycin selection system could be advantageous for the tight selection of the expression level of pac.
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