This has had the effect of shifting remuneration towards fixed salaries.
The study should also have the effect of shifting the optimal portfolio allocations among various foreign markets.
That has had the subtle, inadvertent effect of shifting responsibly for eliminating coca from the farmers to the government.
The strips may be arranged in a checkerboard pattern or in an alternating rhythm, creating at times an op-art effect of shifting colors and design.
"In a strange sort of way, the anti-immigration side winning at least temporarily seems to have the paradoxical effect of shifting opinion the other way," he said.
We examined the life history and demography of five rainforest tree species in Papua New Guinea to investigate the effect of shifting cultivation practices on their population dynamics.
We recognised that the government's policy of raising the participation age would have the effect of shifting the neet problem from 16-18 to 18+, so we also introduced the Oldham Youth Guarantee.
In Connecticut, an infusion of new state dollars to local school district this year actually had the effect of shifting the proportion of state aid to rich suburban districts, who were demanding tax relief.
And other critics of the suspension said it had the unfair effect of shifting the legal burden of proof from the government, which is supposed to justify any restrictions on speech, to the industry.
But in a 1979 decision, the Supreme Court ruled that instructions creating such a presumption of malice have the constitutionally impermissible effect of shifting the burden of proof to a defendant.
That this also has the effect of shifting the Syrian opposition more toward ideological extremism, and away from potential direct Western backing, is another dispiriting turn for a civil war that has had many.
