Sentence examples for effect of reproduction from inspiring English sources

To determine the effect of reproduction on aging, we compared reproductive and somatic declines in genetically identical animals that produced different numbers of progeny due to differences in sperm availability (Ward and Carrel 1979; Hughes et al. 2007).

Thus a substance that is administered in an animal's food throughout their adult lives may reduce its reproductive rate, and thereby increase its lifespan through a reduction in the physiologically costly effect of reproduction on survival.

Possible causes of zygotic distortion include the deleterious effect of reproduction related genes that map in the genome region where the marker locus is located.

Here, u is the population density of the species of interest and we have assumed that dispersal is adequately described by diffusion with constant D. The function f describes the net effect of reproduction and mortality and how this depends on population density and on the local climatic conditions.

Since we do not have the ideal conditions in the experiments cited before [ 9, 11, 22], we will use the earliest data post-inoculation available in the experimental data in Ref. [ 11] to minimize the effect of reproduction and thus obtain the best possible estimation for k1.

In sum, the far-reaching effects of reproduction on the female nervous system provide an opportunity to investigate neuroplasticity and behavioral flexibility in a natural mammalian model.

Finally, this equation contains a term, capturing the direct effects of reproduction on offspring phenotype, that has no analog in the Price equation.

In a realistic population, the effects of reproduction on PCB-153 concentrations in a cross-sectional sample would be obscured because of variation in the age of childbirth, the number of children, and breast-feeding practices.

To eliminate the confounding effects of reproduction on the scoring of surviving worms, wild type C. elegans were made sterile by RNAi knockdown of the pos-1 gene which resulted in worms laying unhatched eggs [ 23].

To shed further light on the effects of reproduction, we focused our analyses on the timing of births, which proved to be challenging, given the high degree of correlation of ages at and intervals since a last birth (Albrektsen et al, 1999).

Numerous reports have investigated the influence of resource availability on the reproductive investments made by females (i.e. reproductive frequency, offspring number, and offspring size; [ 15- 18]), but few studies have addressed the potential antagonistic effects of reproduction (i.e. gestation and maternal care) on the foraging and feeding behaviors of females.