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Exact(11)
Here, we removed this scaling effect of punishment by allowing individuals to pay a fixed cost to punish any or all of the PGG players.
"We believe in the moral-creating and value-shaping effect of punishment instead of punishment as retribution".
The participants — ordinary residents of New Haven — were told they were participating in a study of the effect of punishment on learning.
"I am very pleased to see this experiment being done and published so prominently," Dr. Ostrom said, "because we still have many puzzles to solve when it comes to the effect of punishment on behavior".
As the Justice Department notes in its report, a sense of arbitrariness — sentences that depend on the luck of getting a certain judge — will "breed disrespect for the federal courts," damaging their reputation and the deterrent effect of punishment.
This literature has emphasized the powerful effect of punishment as a means of increasing contribution rates in a public goods game.
Similar(48)
Although the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of rewards on episodic memory have been demonstrated, there is little evidence of the effect of punishments on this memory.
His dissertation was on the effects of punishment on human learning and performance.
In separate work, equally unpalatable to many people, Mr Levitt shows that juveniles respond to the disincentive effects of punishment in much the same way that adults do.
This data source is now being used along with the Australian Founders & Survivors Archive to provide a substantial evidence base for policymakers in the criminal justice system, looking at the comparative effects of punishment and rehabilitation across time and place.
As was pointed out in section 2.1, punishment must be intentional; what results as a mere side-effect of punishment is not itself part of the punishment.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com