In a 1948 speech entitled "The Dilemma of the Negro Writer in America," Himes responded to his critics: "If this plumbing for the truth reveals within the Negro personality homicidal mania, lust for white women, a pathetic sense of inferiority, paradoxical anti-Semitism, arrogance, Uncle-Tomism, hate and fear of self-hate, this then is the effect of oppression on the human personality.
If sexual difference is not simply an effect of oppression, then freedom does not mean freedom from sexed embodiment.
These techniques give primacy to the material circumstances affecting people's lives as well as the psychological effects of oppression.
Susan Babbitt notes that "the effects of oppression may be such that people are psychologically damaged, possessing interests and desires that reflect their subservient status" (Babbitt 1993, 246).
The indirect effects of oppression include the harms of shame and loss of self-esteem (Cudd 2006, 176 8; compare Benson 1994, 657 9), which in turn can lead to self-doubt, and the loss of self-confidence and self-trust.
Although the effects of oppression differ qualitatively for specific targeted and dominant groups, in the end everyone loses.
Although the effects of oppression differ qualitatively for specific target and agent groups, in the end everyone loses.
The Constitution's framers used the separation of powers and the Bill of Rights (most importantly the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment) to render "the overbearing majority …unable to concert and carry into effect schemes of oppression". It is these "negative rights" that Obama proposes to eliminate.
Either the existence of the same passion or interest in a majority at the same time, must be prevented; or the majority, having such co-existent passion or interest, must be rendered, by their number and local situation, unable to concert and carry into effect schemes of oppression.
Baldwin's "difficulties and confusions as a serious writer," Murray argued, stemmed from his "involvement with oversimplified library and laboratory theories and conjectures about the negative effects of racial oppression".
The legacy effects of American oppression — which destroyed families, ingrained cultural violence, and denied generations of African-Americans the luxury of accruing and transferring intergenerational wealth — cannot simply be written off.
