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The functional cerebral systems approach has been utilized in a number of investigations on the effect of hostility and anger on cardiovascular functions.
To illustrate the effect of hostility factor on glucose change, we calculated the mean increase in fasting glucose of participants in each quartile of the overall hostility factor.
The relationship between hostility and heightened stress reactivity is particularly apparent in men (23), and evidence suggests that the detrimental effect of hostility on physical health is greater in men than in women (5).
We employed a series of ordinary least squares regression analyses to examine the potential confounding effect of hostility, anger repression and expression, pessimism, optimism, and self-esteem between interpersonal discrimination and depressive symptoms.
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Path analyses revealed that the effects of hostility on insulin, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were mediated by body mass index.
Our findings suggest that telomere attrition might represent a novel mechanism mediating the detrimental effects of hostility on men's health.
Our findings add to this small but growing literature relating personality and cellular aging in humans, specifically highlighting a potential role for telomere attrition in mediating the detrimental effects of hostility on men's health.
Because leukocyte telomere shortening is associated with an elevated risk of age-related disease and premature mortality (13,16,18 20), this might represent a novel physiological mechanism underlying the detrimental effects of hostility on health.
In one study, Huebner and his colleagues [ 14] showed that anti-gay interpersonal discrimination was associated with depression after controlling for the potential confounding effects of hostility and neuroticism.
Our findings suggest that although the effects of hostility, anger, and type A behavior may not be immediate, their influences on glucose metabolism can be seen cumulatively over time and shape the course of illness onset in a gradual and progressive manner.
Several mechanisms may explain the adverse effects of hostility-related characteristics on glucose metabolism.
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