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The experiment used a 2 × 2 × 2 repeated measures design, examining the effect of Familiarity (familiar, unfamiliar), Image Size (same-size, vary-size), and Repetition (same-identity and different-identity).
The effect of familiarity seems to occur rapidly since responses to first presentation of familiar species are about 10% better than responses to first presentations of new species.
The ANOVA conducted on response times revealed (Figure 1B) (1) no main effect of group, F 1, 38) = 2.10, p = 0.1, (2) a main effect of familiarity ratings, F 3, 114) = 81.44, p<0.001, indicating the more familiar the melodies were, the shorter the response times and (3) no interaction effect between the group and familiarity ratings, F 3, 114) = 2.25, p<0.08.
Maybe it's the effect of familiarity, or the way Ricky Gervais's spoof sitcom When The Whistle Blows seemed weirdly reminiscent of Wood's Dinnerladies, but she seems to be pigeonholed as cosy.
Last fall, Matt Swartz of Baseball Prospectus published a five-part study on home-field advantage corroborating the effect of familiarity and also finding that the longer the distance traveled, the larger the home-field advantage.
Here, two within-participant experiments are reported that measure the effect of familiarity on learning without the confound of these alternative effects.
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However, in vervet monkeys no effect of familiarity-to-sender was found on auditory laterality [21].
In another study of the effects of sign characteristics on training effectiveness, Chan and Ng (2010) failed to observe effects of familiarity, concreteness, simplicity, meaningfulness and semantic closeness.
Since several species have been shown to develop preferences for familiar humans (Davis, 2002), in the future the effects of familiarity should be considered more carefully not only in corvid research but in the behavioural sciences in general.
There were the significant effects of familiarity on behavioural responses in the novelty and conflict test.
Moreover, there were not only significant effects of familiarity but also a significant interaction between familiarity and group size on cardiac responses in the surprise and conflict tests.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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